Roles of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Stimulating Salinity Stress Defense in Plants: A Review

To date, soil salinity becomes a huge obstacle for food production worldwide since salt stress is one of the major factors limiting agricultural productivity. It estimated that significant loss crops (20–50%) would be due to drought and salinity. embark upon this harsh situation, numerous strategies such as plant breeding, genetic engineering, large variety practices including applications growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) seed biopriming technique have been developed improve defense system against stress, resulting in higher crop yields meet human’s increasing demand future. In present review, we update discuss advantageous roles beneficial PGPR green bioinoculants mitigating burden high saline conditions on morphological parameters physio-biochemical attributes via diverse mechanisms. addition, useful tool are also updated discussed approach exhibits promising potentials improving vigor, rapid germination, seedling growth uniformity. Furthermore, controversial findings regarding fluctuation antioxidants osmolytes PGPR-treated plants pointed out discussed.